chapter1-4

Revision Questions sorted to Chapter 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 Stephen Doyle "Information Systems for You"

What is RAM?

RAM is random access memory. It is memory that can be changed or altered, it can be used for storing data. / You can find RAM as part of the Mainstore in any CPU, where it is used to store the programs (and data) that actually run on the computer. The more RAM you have, the bigger the programs can be that you can use (or more at the same time!) / RAM in the CPU are silicon chips. / / RAM as Backstore would be e.g. a harddisk. They can store a lot of data, up to 40 Gigabyte nowadays. You can write and delete data on RAM-devices.

What is ROM?

ROM is read only memory. It is memory that cannot be changed or altered, it can only be copied (read-only). / You can find ROM as part of the Main Store in any CPU, where it is used mainly to store the boot (start-up) information of the computer. Also quite often other parts of the operating system are stored in ROM. / ROM in the CPU are silicon chips. / / ROM as Back store would be CD-ROM, these are optical disks, that you can read only. They can store a lot of data, 600 MB nowadays.

Control Systems / Hardware

Give one feature of a microprocessor-controlled camera that is not available in a manually controlled camera.

Auto focus / Flash light control / Automatic rewinding / Time control (e.g. 5 pictures a minute) /

Hardware

Explain the meaning of a Buffer

A store for temporary data, used for e.g. transfer from data between 2 devices (Computer -> printer). Buffers are also used to overcome the problem of data transmission between 2 devices with significant difference in the speed they operate. (See the input and output buffers in the CPU).

Hardware

Explain, using examples if appropriate. / buffer

Hardware

Mention the 3 type of computers that you know. State for each of them an example of practical use.

1. Main frame / is a multi-user system, where up to thousands of terminals cab be connected to one very powerful CPU. It is mainly used by world wide operating companies, that have to share the same data (like SHELL, KLM etc.) / 2. Mini / is also a multi-user system, but on a far smaller scale. It is mainly used in one building, so workers can share the same data. You can connect some 24 terminals (or PC's). The operating system is usually UNIX or WINDOWS-NT. / 3. Micro / is a stand-alone single user computer. A Personal computer is a good example. The first Micro's were the calculators!

Hardware

What is a Chip?

A chip is an electronic device, that can store the equivalent of millions of digital switches. Before the chip was invented, transistors were used. Chips are made for various purposes. / / We distinguish: / - Memory chips (can store data) / - CPU-chips (used for e.g. personal computers, famous are Intel and Motorola) / - Video chips (can store video data, used for displaying graphics on monitors) / - Microprocessors (a one-chip computer, used in many devices)

Hardware

What is a laptop computer?

It is a portable personal computer (PC). It uses batteries and can be used for about 2 or 3 hours. The screen is usually a LCD-matrix. Those screens don't use up a lot of electricity.

Hardware

What were Light Bulbs (Valve or Tubes) used for in the old days of computing?

They were able to have 2 states (on or off). They in fact were the first electronical parts used in the first computers build (e.g. the ENIAC). Tubes were followed by smaller and more reliable parts, the TRANSISTORS.

Hardware / Control Systems

Digital watches contain a microprocessor. Explain the Input, Output and Processing (IPO).

Input: / The input usually comes from a quartz-crystal. The swinging of the crystal (very fast, but also very accurate) will tell the CPU on the microprocessor how to measure the time. / Also the settings you can make (pressing buttons, in order to make a time adjustment, set an alarm function etc.) should be mentioned here. / / Output: / The output is of course the time (will be displayed on a small LCD-display). The watch could also show the date etc. It even might have a small acoustical alarm function. / / Processing: / The CPU will process the ticks of the crystal. It will count them and after some amount of ticks it will add one second to the actual time. The microprocessor contains also some instructions (stored in it's memory, probably ROM) that will tell the CPU that 60 seconds are a minute, to change the year after 365 days etc.

Hardware / Control Systems

What is a microprocessor? Where can you find them?

A microprocessor is a single chip that has a complete central processing unit on it. To function as a complete computer, it also needs memory, a clock, and a power supply. Well, a computer on a chip has its own built-in clock and its own memory, so all it needs is a power supply to function. These tiny things are used in all kinds of things, from car parts to children's toys. / / You can find them as controlling devices in watches, VCR's, televisions, calculators, vending machines etc.

Hardware / Input Devices

A multimedia information system is being installed in a shop which sells plants for gardens. The system will help customers with little or no knowledge of gardening to choose plants which exactly suit their requirements. Customers indicate their preferences to the system using a touch-sensitive screen. / / Explain why a touch-sensitive screen is considered the most suitable input method.

Hardware / Input Devices / Input Data

Describe a Punch Card.

Punched cards were used in the beginning days of computing. There were no monitors connected to computers yet, so the data input was quite complicated. Punch card typist would use special type writers (no ink, but they would punch holes in the tiny little cards). A pile of cards would then be inputted into the computer with the help of card readers. Important was the fact that they all had to be in order. The people who wanted to see the results then would have to wait untill somebody would bring them the printed results (done with loud lineprinters). This could sometimes take a day or two!

Hardware / Input Devices / Output Devices

Describe a floppy disk.

A Hard disk allows to store data in a efficient way. Data will be stored digital (as zeros and ones). This is done by magnetizing the surface of the disk itself. This means you will have to take care of your disk, if you hold a floppy disk close to a magnet, you will definitely loose all of your stored data. Nowadays floppy disks store up to 2 MEGABYTES of data. They come usually in the size of 3.5" (inch). / / Inside the floppy you will find a rotating soft disk. The disk is divided in SECTORS and in TRACKS. All parts on the disk will get an address, so the computer later will be able to retrieve the data very fast.

Hardware / Input Devices / Output Devices

Describe a Hard disk.

A Hard disk allows to store data in a efficient way. Data will be stored digital (as zeros and ones). This is done by magnetizing the surface of the disk itself. This means you will have to take care of your disk, if you hold a floppy disk close to a magnet, you will definitely loose all of your stored data. Nowadays hard disk store up to several GIGABYTES of data. / / Inside a hard disk you will find a rotating metal disk, where an arm with a magnetic head (the read / write head) is attached. The disk is divided in SECTORS and in TRACKS. All parts on the disk will get an address, so the computer later will be able to retrieve the data very fast (search time in average is ca. 10msec.)

Hardware / Output Data / Output Devices

What is a daisy wheel printer?

When personal computers first came out, daisywheel printers were the only type of affordable printer that could print sharp-enough text for important documents like business communications or college papers. Daisywheel printers work by pounding raised, fully-formed letters made of metal or plastic against the paper through a ribbon, just like a typewriter. / To be precise, a daisywheel printer has the characters mounted on the end of narrow projections arranged in a circle, like spokes on a wheel, or like petals on a daisy.

Hardware / Output Data / Output Devices

What is a dot matrix printer?

A dot matrix printer uses tiny metal pins striking the paper through an inked ribbon to print the text and graphics on the page. Each time a pin hits the ribbon, a little dot of ink gets deposited on the paper. That's why most dot matrix printers are impact printers. As the printhead moves back and forth across the width of the page, electronics inside the printer tell the pins when to fire to create the correct pattern of dots. Because they have a built-in tractor feed mechanism, dot matrix printers work with "continuous paper"&emdash;the kind that comes in big fan-folded stacks with pinholes along either side. / By rights, laser and inkjet printers also deserve to be called dot matrix printers, since they too compose text and graphics as a matrix of tiny dots. Be that as it may, the term just isn't used for lasers and inkjets. With a few exceptions, dot matrix printers print bigger dots than laser printers, so their resolution is lower. They're also slower and noisier&emdash;when a dot matrix machine is printing it sounds like a monstrous metallic insect. On the positive side, the typical dot matrix printer is much cheaper than a laser printer. And because the pins actually strike against the paper, you can print multi -copy (carbon or carbonless) forms with a dot matrix printer, which you can't with a laser. A Laser writer is a non impact printer!

Hardware / Telecommunication

Handshaking

Input Data / Input Devices

What is a Bar code?

It's a defined code (coded data), consisting of bars in different width and pattern (black and white). The barcode will store some specific information (the article number) about the article it is attached to. There are several definitions of bar codes, used for particular applications. Famous is e.g. the ISBN-number (found on all books) which is always also printed as a bar code on the book. Information can be: / / - article number / - manufacturer number (code) / - country of origin

Input Data / Output Devices / Input Devices

What is COM?

COM stands for computer output on micro film or micro fiche. / / A (photographic) picture is taken from the contents of the computer screen. This picture will be reduced (a lot!) and with many others it will be put onto a fiche or on a film. In order to see the pictures you will have to use a viewer. It has a background light and will enlarge the pictures.

Input Data / Programming

Alphanumeric characters

All Characters and Numbers (in an Alphabet) / (in simple words: all you can find on a keyboard)

Input Data / Software

What is analogue data?

It's data with an unlimited number of values posible. An analogue thermomether will show the temperature on a scale only. You cannot see exactly the real temperature.

Input Data / Software

What is digital data?

It's data with a limited number of values possible. / On the display of a digital device you will see most of the time some numbers. They tell exactly the value.

Input Devices

Name 2 analogue input devices.

All sensors are analogue input devices. You could mention: / - temperature sensor / - pressure sensor / - voltage sensor / - a recording microphone attached directly to a computer / / A scanner (e.g) can scan analogue pictures (and changes them into digital data)

Input Devices / Hardware

Mention and describe the use of two very modern input devices used at a bank for customers.

1. A magnetic stripe (card) reader (used e.g. to get money from an ATM-machine, using a customers bank-card) / / 2. A chip card reader (used e.g. to withdraw or load money on a chip card. Such a card can be used to pay small amounts of money at shops. The card is a substitute for cash money!) Chip cards are often used as telephone cards nowadays. / / 3. A credit card. These cards are used to pay money in shops etc. The cards can have a magnetic stripe, but they don't have to. They have an ID-number (the credit card number) and the signature of the owner visual printed / written on the card. / / Chip cards and magnetic cards are safer for the customer to use. (No signature or other data to be seen directly!).

Input Devices / Input Data

What input device would you recommend in a public environment, where people are using computers for public services?

A Touch screen - by pressing (touching) the screen with your finger, you can make choices and make the computer do what you want (e.g. in a library)

Input Devices / Output Devices

Referring to their use in the design of the bicycle parts (in a company that uses CAD/CAM), explain the purpose of one input device and one output device. /

Input device: / - a lightpen for clicking on objects on the monitor / - a drawing tablet (also called digitiser) / / Output device: / - a plotter, capable of printing large maps in colour / - lathe, a machine that can cut out metal / - cutter, it's a plotter that uses a knife (making signs) / - a high resolution monitor

Input Devices / Output Devices

What are the advantages of using E-mail instead of Faxes?

- Faster delivery (no need to wait!) / - You can send multiple copies easily / - It's cheaper (no paper, less work) / - 24 hours/day, worldwide!! / - You can archive mails / copy / print etc. / - Better security (password protected, not visible) / - Can be read / checked anywhere (Internet) / / Faxes can have signatures though (legal aspects!)

Input Devices / Output Devices

What is a GDU?

Graphic display unit. / Used by e.g. architects. / It can be a light pen, drawing pad (or tablet) with a pen attached. / / Output can be a a plotter (suitable for big drawings) / and a high resolution colour monitor.

Input Devices / Output Devices / Hardware

What is a POS?

Point of Sale. / It is the selling point in (e.g.) a supermarket, where the articles leave the store. Stock information is kept here, so is the price. They do so by using Bar Codes and storing the data in a database.

Output Devices / Output Data

Name 2 analogue ouput devices.

Allmost all output devices are analogue. They must be analogue, if persons have to be able to recognise the output. You could mention: / - a monitor (screen / terminal) / - a VDU / - a printer / - a (soundcard with) loudspeaker

Output Devices / Output Data

Name 2 digital input devices.

Allmost all computer storage devices are digital. If we store or save computer data, it is usually done on digital media. The data will be stored as zeroes or ones. Since they are storage devices (also called back store), all of them can also be used as digital input devices. Sometimes the storage will occur magnetical, sometimes with the help of laserbeams. / / You could mention: / - a floppy disk drive (magnetical) / - a harddisk drive (magnetical) / - a tape (magnetical) / - a cassette (magnetical) / - a CD-ROM disk drive (optical / laser) / - a laser disk reader / writer (optical / laser)

Output Devices / Output Data

Name 2 digital output devices.

Most ouput of data is analogue. That's because we are able to see (!) the data. / / Digital are: / a modem / a floppy / a CD-ROM /

Output Devices / Output Data / Hardware

What is a port?

It is a digital connection, you can attach devices to a port. / / You can find ports at the back of your computer to connect e.g. a printer or modem. / / Also the CPU is connected to input and output ports, so that the digital data can be used by analogue devices. Remember the example of the port in a washing machine!!

Programming / Software / Output Data

What is a string?

A string is a piece of text (e.g: "Hello"). It is usually written in quotes, especially as (part of) an instruction in any programming language. / / E.g: WRITE "Your age is " AGE / WRITE -> this is the instruction (output on screen) / "Your age is " -> this is the string / AGE -> would be a Variable, storing a number

Social impacts

A bank introduces banking by telephone and machines that allow customers to withdraw cash outside the bank. / / (a) Give one advantage for bank workers. / (b) Give two disadvantages for bank customers.

Software

What is Document Image Processing?

Scanning documents into a computer system and then being able to process them. / / Text documents / Document Image Processing can involve OCR (for text recognition) / / Image Documents (e.g. letters from customers) / Need to be scanned with a high resolution scanner. / / Advantage: / - all papers are on-line available!! Fast service for customers is possible.

Software / Input Devices / Output Devices

Which one of the following types of storage will not allow data to be retrieved at random? / A. Main memory / B. Read only memory / C. Hard disk / D. Magnetic tape / E . Bubble memory

A magnetic tape. It can only be read seriel (in sequences). Records on a tape can not be addressed directly, it will be necessary to start at the beginning of the tape and read seriel (in sequence) until the wanted record (information) is found.

Telecommunication / Software / Networking / Applications

What is meant with the expression "Information Technology" IT ?

It is the knowledge about all modern technology used to process and transfer information. Our society has changed into an 'Information Society'. It involves the science about computers (hardware and software), but also the science about handling information. / It includes things like: / - information interchange (e-mail, internet) / - information transfer (banking, universities etc.) / - information retrieval (databases, teletext etc.) / - information security (network protection, data legislation rules) / - information processing (payroll, invoices, stock control) / etc. etc.!

	What is RAM?	RAM is random access memory. It is memory that can be changed or altered, it can be used for storing data. / You can find RAM as part of the Mainstore in any CPU, where it is used to store the programs (and data) that actually run on the computer. The more RAM you have, the bigger the programs can be that you can use (or more at the same time!) / RAM in the CPU are silicon chips. / / RAM as Backstore would be e.g. a harddisk. They can store a lot of data, up to 40 Gigabyte nowadays. You can write and delete data on RAM-devices.
	What is ROM?	ROM is read only memory. It is memory that cannot be changed or altered, it can only be copied (read-only). / You can find ROM as part of the Main Store in any CPU, where it is used mainly to store the boot (start-up) information of the computer. Also quite often other parts of the operating system are stored in ROM. / ROM in the CPU are silicon chips. / / ROM as Back store would be CD-ROM, these are optical disks, that you can read only. They can store a lot of data, 600 MB nowadays.
Control Systems / Hardware	Give one feature of a microprocessor-controlled camera that is not available in a manually controlled camera.	Auto focus / Flash light control / Automatic rewinding / Time control (e.g. 5 pictures a minute) /
Hardware	Explain the meaning of a Buffer	A store for temporary data, used for e.g. transfer from data between 2 devices (Computer -> printer). Buffers are also used to overcome the problem of data transmission between 2 devices with significant difference in the speed they operate. (See the input and output buffers in the CPU).
Hardware	Explain, using examples if appropriate. / buffer
Hardware	Mention the 3 type of computers that you know. State for each of them an example of practical use.	1. Main frame / is a multi-user system, where up to thousands of terminals cab be connected to one very powerful CPU. It is mainly used by world wide operating companies, that have to share the same data (like SHELL, KLM etc.) / 2. Mini / is also a multi-user system, but on a far smaller scale. It is mainly used in one building, so workers can share the same data. You can connect some 24 terminals (or PC's). The operating system is usually UNIX or WINDOWS-NT. / 3. Micro / is a stand-alone single user computer. A Personal computer is a good example. The first Micro's were the calculators!
Hardware	What is a Chip?	A chip is an electronic device, that can store the equivalent of millions of digital switches. Before the chip was invented, transistors were used. Chips are made for various purposes. / / We distinguish: / - Memory chips (can store data) / - CPU-chips (used for e.g. personal computers, famous are Intel and Motorola) / - Video chips (can store video data, used for displaying graphics on monitors) / - Microprocessors (a one-chip computer, used in many devices)
Hardware	What is a laptop computer?	It is a portable personal computer (PC). It uses batteries and can be used for about 2 or 3 hours. The screen is usually a LCD-matrix. Those screens don't use up a lot of electricity.
Hardware	What were Light Bulbs (Valve or Tubes) used for in the old days of computing?	They were able to have 2 states (on or off). They in fact were the first electronical parts used in the first computers build (e.g. the ENIAC). Tubes were followed by smaller and more reliable parts, the TRANSISTORS.
Hardware / Control Systems	Digital watches contain a microprocessor. Explain the Input, Output and Processing (IPO).	Input: / The input usually comes from a quartz-crystal. The swinging of the crystal (very fast, but also very accurate) will tell the CPU on the microprocessor how to measure the time. / Also the settings you can make (pressing buttons, in order to make a time adjustment, set an alarm function etc.) should be mentioned here. / / Output: / The output is of course the time (will be displayed on a small LCD-display). The watch could also show the date etc. It even might have a small acoustical alarm function. / / Processing: / The CPU will process the ticks of the crystal. It will count them and after some amount of ticks it will add one second to the actual time. The microprocessor contains also some instructions (stored in it's memory, probably ROM) that will tell the CPU that 60 seconds are a minute, to change the year after 365 days etc.
Hardware / Control Systems	What is a microprocessor? Where can you find them?	A microprocessor is a single chip that has a complete central processing unit on it. To function as a complete computer, it also needs memory, a clock, and a power supply. Well, a computer on a chip has its own built-in clock and its own memory, so all it needs is a power supply to function. These tiny things are used in all kinds of things, from car parts to children's toys. / / You can find them as controlling devices in watches, VCR's, televisions, calculators, vending machines etc.
Hardware / Input Devices	A multimedia information system is being installed in a shop which sells plants for gardens. The system will help customers with little or no knowledge of gardening to choose plants which exactly suit their requirements. Customers indicate their preferences to the system using a touch-sensitive screen. / / Explain why a touch-sensitive screen is considered the most suitable input method.
Hardware / Input Devices / Input Data	Describe a Punch Card.	Punched cards were used in the beginning days of computing. There were no monitors connected to computers yet, so the data input was quite complicated. Punch card typist would use special type writers (no ink, but they would punch holes in the tiny little cards). A pile of cards would then be inputted into the computer with the help of card readers. Important was the fact that they all had to be in order. The people who wanted to see the results then would have to wait untill somebody would bring them the printed results (done with loud lineprinters). This could sometimes take a day or two!
Hardware / Input Devices / Output Devices	Describe a floppy disk.	A Hard disk allows to store data in a efficient way. Data will be stored digital (as zeros and ones). This is done by magnetizing the surface of the disk itself. This means you will have to take care of your disk, if you hold a floppy disk close to a magnet, you will definitely loose all of your stored data. Nowadays floppy disks store up to 2 MEGABYTES of data. They come usually in the size of 3.5" (inch). / / Inside the floppy you will find a rotating soft disk. The disk is divided in SECTORS and in TRACKS. All parts on the disk will get an address, so the computer later will be able to retrieve the data very fast.
Hardware / Input Devices / Output Devices	Describe a Hard disk.	A Hard disk allows to store data in a efficient way. Data will be stored digital (as zeros and ones). This is done by magnetizing the surface of the disk itself. This means you will have to take care of your disk, if you hold a floppy disk close to a magnet, you will definitely loose all of your stored data. Nowadays hard disk store up to several GIGABYTES of data. / / Inside a hard disk you will find a rotating metal disk, where an arm with a magnetic head (the read / write head) is attached. The disk is divided in SECTORS and in TRACKS. All parts on the disk will get an address, so the computer later will be able to retrieve the data very fast (search time in average is ca. 10msec.)
Hardware / Output Data / Output Devices	What is a daisy wheel printer?	When personal computers first came out, daisywheel printers were the only type of affordable printer that could print sharp-enough text for important documents like business communications or college papers. Daisywheel printers work by pounding raised, fully-formed letters made of metal or plastic against the paper through a ribbon, just like a typewriter. / To be precise, a daisywheel printer has the characters mounted on the end of narrow projections arranged in a circle, like spokes on a wheel, or like petals on a daisy.
Hardware / Output Data / Output Devices	What is a dot matrix printer?	A dot matrix printer uses tiny metal pins striking the paper through an inked ribbon to print the text and graphics on the page. Each time a pin hits the ribbon, a little dot of ink gets deposited on the paper. That's why most dot matrix printers are impact printers. As the printhead moves back and forth across the width of the page, electronics inside the printer tell the pins when to fire to create the correct pattern of dots. Because they have a built-in tractor feed mechanism, dot matrix printers work with "continuous paper"&emdash;the kind that comes in big fan-folded stacks with pinholes along either side. / By rights, laser and inkjet printers also deserve to be called dot matrix printers, since they too compose text and graphics as a matrix of tiny dots. Be that as it may, the term just isn't used for lasers and inkjets. With a few exceptions, dot matrix printers print bigger dots than laser printers, so their resolution is lower. They're also slower and noisier&emdash;when a dot matrix machine is printing it sounds like a monstrous metallic insect. On the positive side, the typical dot matrix printer is much cheaper than a laser printer. And because the pins actually strike against the paper, you can print multi -copy (carbon or carbonless) forms with a dot matrix printer, which you can't with a laser. A Laser writer is a non impact printer!
Hardware / Telecommunication	Handshaking
Input Data / Input Devices	What is a Bar code?	It's a defined code (coded data), consisting of bars in different width and pattern (black and white). The barcode will store some specific information (the article number) about the article it is attached to. There are several definitions of bar codes, used for particular applications. Famous is e.g. the ISBN-number (found on all books) which is always also printed as a bar code on the book. Information can be: / / - article number / - manufacturer number (code) / - country of origin
Input Data / Output Devices / Input Devices	What is COM?	COM stands for computer output on micro film or micro fiche. / / A (photographic) picture is taken from the contents of the computer screen. This picture will be reduced (a lot!) and with many others it will be put onto a fiche or on a film. In order to see the pictures you will have to use a viewer. It has a background light and will enlarge the pictures.
Input Data / Programming	Alphanumeric characters	All Characters and Numbers (in an Alphabet) / (in simple words: all you can find on a keyboard)
Input Data / Software	What is analogue data?	It's data with an unlimited number of values posible. An analogue thermomether will show the temperature on a scale only. You cannot see exactly the real temperature.
Input Data / Software	What is digital data?	It's data with a limited number of values possible. / On the display of a digital device you will see most of the time some numbers. They tell exactly the value.
Input Devices	Name 2 analogue input devices.	All sensors are analogue input devices. You could mention: / - temperature sensor / - pressure sensor / - voltage sensor / - a recording microphone attached directly to a computer / / A scanner (e.g) can scan analogue pictures (and changes them into digital data)
Input Devices / Hardware	Mention and describe the use of two very modern input devices used at a bank for customers.	1. A magnetic stripe (card) reader (used e.g. to get money from an ATM-machine, using a customers bank-card) / / 2. A chip card reader (used e.g. to withdraw or load money on a chip card. Such a card can be used to pay small amounts of money at shops. The card is a substitute for cash money!) Chip cards are often used as telephone cards nowadays. / / 3. A credit card. These cards are used to pay money in shops etc. The cards can have a magnetic stripe, but they don't have to. They have an ID-number (the credit card number) and the signature of the owner visual printed / written on the card. / / Chip cards and magnetic cards are safer for the customer to use. (No signature or other data to be seen directly!).
Input Devices / Input Data	What input device would you recommend in a public environment, where people are using computers for public services?	A Touch screen - by pressing (touching) the screen with your finger, you can make choices and make the computer do what you want (e.g. in a library)
Input Devices / Output Devices	Referring to their use in the design of the bicycle parts (in a company that uses CAD/CAM), explain the purpose of one input device and one output device. /	Input device: / - a lightpen for clicking on objects on the monitor / - a drawing tablet (also called digitiser) / / Output device: / - a plotter, capable of printing large maps in colour / - lathe, a machine that can cut out metal / - cutter, it's a plotter that uses a knife (making signs) / - a high resolution monitor
Input Devices / Output Devices	What are the advantages of using E-mail instead of Faxes?	- Faster delivery (no need to wait!) / - You can send multiple copies easily / - It's cheaper (no paper, less work) / - 24 hours/day, worldwide!! / - You can archive mails / copy / print etc. / - Better security (password protected, not visible) / - Can be read / checked anywhere (Internet) / / Faxes can have signatures though (legal aspects!)
Input Devices / Output Devices	What is a GDU?	Graphic display unit. / Used by e.g. architects. / It can be a light pen, drawing pad (or tablet) with a pen attached. / / Output can be a a plotter (suitable for big drawings) / and a high resolution colour monitor.
Input Devices / Output Devices / Hardware	What is a POS?	Point of Sale. / It is the selling point in (e.g.) a supermarket, where the articles leave the store. Stock information is kept here, so is the price. They do so by using Bar Codes and storing the data in a database.
Output Devices / Output Data	Name 2 analogue ouput devices.	Allmost all output devices are analogue. They must be analogue, if persons have to be able to recognise the output. You could mention: / - a monitor (screen / terminal) / - a VDU / - a printer / - a (soundcard with) loudspeaker
Output Devices / Output Data	Name 2 digital input devices.	Allmost all computer storage devices are digital. If we store or save computer data, it is usually done on digital media. The data will be stored as zeroes or ones. Since they are storage devices (also called back store), all of them can also be used as digital input devices. Sometimes the storage will occur magnetical, sometimes with the help of laserbeams. / / You could mention: / - a floppy disk drive (magnetical) / - a harddisk drive (magnetical) / - a tape (magnetical) / - a cassette (magnetical) / - a CD-ROM disk drive (optical / laser) / - a laser disk reader / writer (optical / laser)
Output Devices / Output Data	Name 2 digital output devices.	Most ouput of data is analogue. That's because we are able to see (!) the data. / / Digital are: / a modem / a floppy / a CD-ROM /
Output Devices / Output Data / Hardware	What is a port?	It is a digital connection, you can attach devices to a port. / / You can find ports at the back of your computer to connect e.g. a printer or modem. / / Also the CPU is connected to input and output ports, so that the digital data can be used by analogue devices. Remember the example of the port in a washing machine!!
Programming / Software / Output Data	What is a string?	A string is a piece of text (e.g: "Hello"). It is usually written in quotes, especially as (part of) an instruction in any programming language. / / E.g: WRITE "Your age is " AGE / WRITE -> this is the instruction (output on screen) / "Your age is " -> this is the string / AGE -> would be a Variable, storing a number
Social impacts	A bank introduces banking by telephone and machines that allow customers to withdraw cash outside the bank. / / (a) Give one advantage for bank workers. / (b) Give two disadvantages for bank customers.
Software	What is Document Image Processing?	Scanning documents into a computer system and then being able to process them. / / Text documents / Document Image Processing can involve OCR (for text recognition) / / Image Documents (e.g. letters from customers) / Need to be scanned with a high resolution scanner. / / Advantage: / - all papers are on-line available!! Fast service for customers is possible.
Software / Input Devices / Output Devices	Which one of the following types of storage will not allow data to be retrieved at random? / A. Main memory / B. Read only memory / C. Hard disk / D. Magnetic tape / E . Bubble memory	A magnetic tape. It can only be read seriel (in sequences). Records on a tape can not be addressed directly, it will be necessary to start at the beginning of the tape and read seriel (in sequence) until the wanted record (information) is found.
Telecommunication / Software / Networking / Applications	What is meant with the expression "Information Technology" IT ?	It is the knowledge about all modern technology used to process and transfer information. Our society has changed into an 'Information Society'. It involves the science about computers (hardware and software), but also the science about handling information. / It includes things like: / - information interchange (e-mail, internet) / - information transfer (banking, universities etc.) / - information retrieval (databases, teletext etc.) / - information security (network protection, data legislation rules) / - information processing (payroll, invoices, stock control) / etc. etc.!